Parser Combinators: Part 3

Episode #64 • Jul 8, 2019 • Subscriber-Only

Now that we’ve looked at how to parse multiple values given a single parser, let’s try to parse a single value using multiple parsers! And after defining a bunch of these parser combinators we’ll finally be able to ask: “what’s the point!?”

Parser Combinators: Part 3
Introduction
00:05
Values from multiple parsers
00:30
Values from even more parsers
06:30
What’s the point?
10:57
Parsing a complex, ad hoc format
12:16
Conclusion
18:14

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Introduction

The zeroOrMore parser combinator is now a function that takes two parsers as input and returns a third parser as output. This higher-order parser is unlocking the ability to parse gigantic strings with very work. This is starting to seem extremely powerful and maybe we’re starting to see “the point” of parser combinators.

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Exercises

  1. Many higher-order functions on Array are also useful to define on Parser as parser combinators. As an example, define a compactMap with the following signature: ((A) -> B?) -> (Parser<A>) -> Parser<B>.

  2. Define a filter parser combinator with the following signature: ((A) -> Bool) -> (Parser<A>) -> Parser<B>.

  3. Define filter in terms of compactMap.

  4. Define an either parser combinator with the following signature: ((A) -> Either<B, C>) -> (Parser<A>) -> Parser<Either<B, C>>.

  5. Redefine the double parser using parser combinators like oneOf to be more resilient than the one we’ve currently defined. It should handle positive and negative numbers and ignore trailing decimals. I.e. it should parse "1" as 1.0, "-42" as -42.0, "+50" as 50.0, and “-123.456.789” as -123.456 without consuming ".789".

References

Combinators

Daniel Steinberg • Friday Sep 14, 2018

Daniel gives a wonderful overview of how the idea of “combinators” infiltrates many common programming tasks.

Just as with OO, one of the keys to a functional style of programming is to write very small bits of functionality that can be combined to create powerful results. The glue that combines the small bits are called Combinators. In this talk we’ll motivate the topic with a look at Swift Sets before moving on to infinite sets, random number generators, parser combinators, and Peter Henderson’s Picture Language. Combinators allow you to provide APIs that are friendly to non-functional programmers.

Parser Combinators in Swift

Yasuhiro Inami • Monday May 2, 2016

In the first ever try! Swift conference, Yasuhiro Inami gives a broad overview of parsers and parser combinators, and shows how they can accomplish very complex parsing.

Parser combinators are one of the most awesome functional techniques for parsing strings into trees, like constructing JSON. In this talk from try! Swift, Yasuhiro Inami describes how they work by combining small parsers together to form more complex and practical ones.

Regex

Alexander Grebenyuk • Saturday Aug 10, 2019

This library for parsing regular expression strings into a Swift data type uses many of the ideas developed in our series of episodes on parsers. It’s a great example of how to break a very large, complex problem into many tiny parsers that glue back together.

Regexes vs Combinatorial Parsing

Soroush Khanlou • Tuesday Dec 3, 2019

In this article, Soroush Khanlou applies parser combinators to a real world problem: parsing notation for a music app. He found that parser combinators improved on regular expressions not only in readability, but in performance!

Learning Parser Combinators With Rust

Bodil Stokke • Thursday Apr 18, 2019

A wonderful article that explains parser combinators from start to finish. The article assumes you are already familiar with Rust, but it is possible to look past the syntax and see that there are many shapes in the code that are similar to what we have covered in our episodes on parsers.

Sparse

John Patrick Morgan • Thursday Jan 12, 2017

A parser library built in Swift that uses many of the concepts we cover in our series of episodes on parsers.

Sparse is a simple parser-combinator library written in Swift.

parsec

Daan Leijen, Paolo Martini, Antoine Latter

Parsec is one of the first and most widely used parsing libraries, built in Haskell. It’s built on many of the same ideas we have covered in our series of episodes on parsers, but using some of Haskell’s most powerful type-level features.

Parse, don’t validate

Alexis King • Tuesday Nov 5, 2019

This article demonstrates that parsing can be a great alternative to validating. When validating you often check for certain requirements of your values, but don’t have any record of that check in your types. Whereas parsing allows you to upgrade the types to something more restrictive so that you cannot misuse the value later on.

Ledger Mac App: Parsing Techniques

Chris Eidhof & Florian Kugler • Friday Aug 26, 2016

In this free episode of Swift talk, Chris and Florian discuss various techniques for parsing strings as a means to process a ledger file. It contains a good overview of various parsing techniques, including parser grammars.

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